Phyrexian Vindicator and Soul Scar Mage
Soul Scar Mage states "If a source you control would deal noncombat damage to a creature an opponent controls, put that many -1/-1 counters on that creature INSTEAD (emphasis added)" So why, when Soul Scar Mage is on the field and I burn Phyrexian Vindicator is the damage prevented and damage redealt? It seems obvious to me that Soul Scar Mage converts all that damage to counters, so Phyrexian Vindicator should take those. It even says the counters are "instead" of damage. Please fix this.

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Rezzahan#77802 commented
Both Soul-Scar Mage and Phyrexian Vindicator create replacement effects for the same kind of event. when such an event would occur, the controller of the affected object (or its owner if it has no controller) or affected player chooses one to apply. Which is then applied, and the game checks again for more replacement effects that are applicable now. Applying either of the two replacement effects makes the other inapplicable, since no damage is about to be dealt to the Vindicator anymore.
In essence, you opponent gets to choose wether to put -1/-1 counters on his Vindicator, or have the damage be prevented and shot somewhere else. You have no say in this.